How to Spend Your Gap Year Before Medical School
/The definitive guide to choosing the right option and maximizing your admissions odds
Table of contents
Part 1: Introduction
Part 2: Should you take a gap year?
Part 3: Gap year options
Enrolling in a post-bacc program
Enrolling in a Special Master’s Program (SMP)
Enrolling in a Master’s in Public Health (MPH) program (or other medically relevant program)
Studying for the MCAT
Pursuing a professional medical experience (e.g., working as a scribe, EMT, medical assistant)
Conducting medical (or medically relevant) research
Focusing on emerging technologies through remote work and learning
Personal development
Miscellaneous experiences (e.g., growing your nonprofit organization, working as a medical sales rep, joining a startup)
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Part 1: Introduction
Applying to medical school requires years of planning, but perhaps things haven’t gone exactly as you’d planned. For instance, your GPA or MCAT score may be lower than you need to get into your top-choice schools. Or perhaps you’ve accumulated fewer shadowing, community service, volunteering, patient exposure, or research hours than you need to be competitive for certain medical programs.
Alternatively, you might be the type of student who does have top-notch stats and the right extracurriculars, but you simply want to take some time off to gain real-world work experiences or to pursue a passion, like travel, that you’ll have less time for once medical school begins. Or, you may be ready to apply with respect to academics and extracurriculars but have to tend to personal matters first (e.g., a major illness in the family).
Regardless of which camp you fall into, you’re not alone. These days, the average age of medical school matriculation is 24, and about 60 percent of med school applicants get rejected from every school they apply to. Therefore, it’s common for aspiring physicians to have to decide whether or not to take a gap year—and, if they do take one, how to best use that time.
However, just because lots of premed students are in the same boat doesn’t mean that the decision-making process is any easier or less stressful. Given how competitive and high stakes the admissions process is, you’ll want to selectively choose how you spend your time before applying (or reapplying) to medical school.
In this guide, we’ll help you determine whether or not you should consider taking a gap year. We’ll also cover various options for how you might spend your gap year, including pros, cons, and who each option is best suited for. Of course, it’s impossible to discuss every possible path you could possibly take during your gap year, but we’ll provide information that you can use to evaluate some of the most popular options and whether or not they’re right for you.
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Part 2: Should you take a gap year before medical school?
Before we get into your various options, it’s worth discussing whether you should take a gap year in the first place. Although the decision is sometimes clear, it’s often not. Here are a few scenarios that warrant, or may warrant, taking a gap year:
Scenarios that warrant taking a gap year
Your GPA or MCAT score is significantly lower than what most MD and DO schools will accept.
You will not have completed your medical school prerequisite courses by the time that you would enroll in medical school.
You received your first—or only competitive—MCAT score late in the med school application cycle and are therefore disadvantaged from a rolling admissions standpoint or cannot meet application deadlines.
You don’t have enough shadowing, volunteering, community service, or patient exposure hours.
A personal circumstance necessitates that you take a break from school or work.
Scenarios that may warrant taking a gap year
Your GPA or MCAT score is lower than what the schools you’re itching to go to will accept.
You received your first—or only competitive—MCAT score midway through the application cycle and have not pre-written most secondary essays.
You have at least the minimum amount of extracurricular hours, but nothing particularly stands out.
You have to tend to a personal matter that will require significant time and attention.
You’re completely burnt out from school or work, or you want to pursue a certain interest before starting medical school.
How many medical students take a gap year?
In a 2023 AAMC survey of matriculating medical students, 48 percent of incoming med students said they’d taken one to two years off after completing college. In fact, fewer respondents—26.8 percent—went directly from college to med school.
Data from the previous two admissions cycles reveals that the percentage of medical students who have taken a gap year or two has risen steadily each year; inversely, the percentage of those who haven’t take a gap year is consistently decreasing. So, we can clearly see that taking a gap year before medical school isn’t unusual in the least.
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Part 3: Gap year options
Students who do decide to take gap years often ask us what we recommend they do during that time. Our most common response is, “It depends on what you intend to accomplish.”
The best way to evaluate how to spend your gap year is to consider the current red flag(s) on your resume and whether a particular option clearly addresses it. Otherwise, you won’t add any new positive information to your application and it will likely turn out to be a wasted year.
Below are discussions of the most popular gap year options. Keep in mind that some options can be pursued simultaneously during the same gap year.
Enrolling in a post-bacc program
Pros: Post-bacc programs offer an opportunity to complete prerequisite science courses, boost your GPA, and (sometimes) access extracurricular experiences you’re lacking, such as hospital volunteering. They can be completed either formally (e.g., a program at a university that you apply to) or informally (e.g., taking a number of courses through your local university’s extension program). Additionally, post-bacc courses offer more opportunities to build relationships with professors—and receive strong recommendation letters—in case you didn’t do so during undergrad.
Cons: Post-bacc programs are often fairly easy to get into. Moreover, they usually don’t offer the same level of competition as your undergraduate prerequisite courses, meaning high grades there won’t be viewed as favorably as high grades at your undergraduate institution. In addition, post-bacc programs may require a large tuition payment, increasing your loans before you even begin medical school.
Who should consider it: Students whose GPA is significantly lower than what most MD and DO schools will accept, or students whose GPA is lower than what the schools they really want to attend typically accept.
Who should not consider it: Students whose GPA is at least “good enough” to get into the med schools they’re interested in attending.
(Suggested reading: Post-baccalaureate Programs: How to Get In)
Enrolling in a Special Master’s Program (SMP)
Pros: SMPs are typically much more difficult to get into than post-bacc programs. Furthermore, the classes—which may be taken alongside first-year medical students—tend to be more rigorous than post-bacc programs or even Master’s in Public Health programs. Therefore, a strong performance in your SMP may significantly boost your admissions odds. At some medical schools, receiving a certain SMP GPA even guarantees you an interview invitation. In addition, many SMPs offer research opportunities for interested students. And, as with post-bacc programs, you can work on building faculty relationships to receive stronger rec letters than you would from your undergrad professors.
Cons: The degree itself—Master’s in Medical Sciences or Master’s in Medical Physiology—carries almost no weight. Therefore, if you enroll in an SMP and don’t do well, you will have paid a significant amount of money or amassed a lot of debt with substantively very little to show for it. Moreover, the bar to get in is set much higher than a post-bacc program. Finally, some SMPs require two years to complete.
Who should consider it: Students whose GPA is lower than what the schools they really want to attend typically accept but is competitive enough to get into an SMP, or students who want to boost their GPA and accumulate more significant research experiences.
Who should not consider it: Students whose GPA is significantly lower than what most MD and DO schools will accept or students who will likely struggle academically in their SMP.
(Suggested reading: Special Masters Programs (SMPs): Are They Worth It?)
Enrolling in a Master’s in Public Health (MPH) program (or another medically relevant program)
Pros: Public health coursework interests many prospective medical students and the degree itself can open doors if you choose to work as something other than a physician. In addition, you’ll be able to take a “public health angle” across your application materials.
Cons: MPH programs can be fairly easy to get admitted to and do well in, so their GPAs may carry less weight than SMPs. Additionally, MPH coursework largely does not overlap with premedical prerequisites, so doing well in them will not necessarily reassure adcoms that you’re fit to excel in the types of courses you’ll encounter during med school. And, as with post-bacc programs and SMPs, MPH programs can require a significant financial investment.
Who should consider it: Students who want to demonstrate recent strong grades and who have a genuine interest in public health.
Who should not consider it: Students who have not yet taken all of their prerequisite science courses.
Studying for the MCAT
Pros: Studying for your MCAT during your gap year can be much less distracting than doing so during your undergraduate years. By going all in, you will increase the odds of receiving your best possible score.
Cons: While studying for the MCAT can be done alongside other activities, exclusively preparing for the exam may mean not being able to pursue other activities, such as accumulating patient exposure hours, that are lacking on your resume. Moreover, there’s never a guarantee that you will achieve a certain score on the MCAT, no matter how much time you put into it. It’s difficult to understand the opportunity cost without knowing what your eventual score will be.
Who should consider it: Students whose GPA is at least “good enough” to get into the med schools they’re interested in attending but who either haven’t yet taken the MCAT or who have a relatively low score and need to retake the test.
Who should not consider it: Students whose MCAT is at least “good enough” to get into the med schools they’re interested in attending.
(Suggested reading: How to Get a Perfect MCAT Score: Strategies From a 528 Scorer)
Pursuing a professional medical experience (e.g., working as a scribe, EMT, medical assistant)
Pros: Gap years can provide a great opportunity to catch up on patient exposure hours. Moreover, you will demonstrate your commitment to medicine to adcoms by continuing to pursue medically relevant experiences (e.g., working as a scribe, EMT, or medical assistant). In addition, you can actually make some money rather than take on massive loans before starting school.
Cons: As long as you have a GPA and MCAT score that are competitive enough for the medical schools you’re interested in attending, there are few downsides to pursuing professional medical experiences full-time. The only real negative is that if you're a student looking to take a break from the rigors of premed requirements before jumping into even more challenging med school coursework, you won't find that by taking on these positions. As an alternative, you can pursue any of these experiences part-time if you also need to boost your GPA or study for your MCAT.
Who should consider it: Students whose GPA and MCAT scores are “good enough,” or nearly good enough, to get into the med schools they’re interested in attending but who lack sufficient patient exposure hours to stand out.
Who should not consider it: Students who have accumulated the required patient exposure hours but whose GPA or MCAT score is significantly lower than what their medical schools of interest typically accept.
(Note: We won’t devote a separate section to shadowing or community service. The rule of thumb as far as those activities are concerned is: If you don’t have enough hours, get them. And make sure to accumulate some DO physician shadowing hours if you intend to apply to DO programs.)
Conducting medical (or medically relevant) research
Pros: While research is technically not a medical school requirement, most competitive applicants accumulate research experience during their undergrad years and beyond. Therefore, research is somewhat of an unspoken requirement to which gap years lend themselves well. In addition, if being a top researcher is an important selling point on your application, spending more time on your work and ideally publishing a paper or two can go a long way to boost your admissions odds.
Cons: Doing research well can be very time consuming. Therefore, it may be difficult to meaningfully pursue research while adequately addressing other red flags on your resume. Additionally, you may be the type of person who simply does not like research.
Who should consider it: Students who have “good enough” stats and extracurricular experiences but who are either lacking in the research department or want to continue completing important work to stand out.
Who should not consider it: Students who have significant red flags on their application (e.g., low GPA) that take precedence over conducting research.
Focusing on emerging technologies through remote work or learning
Pros: Long before COVID, remote learning was a thing. However, with the onset of COVID, which shut down the world, telehealth options sprung up globally. While some physicians participated in telehealth (also known as “virtual visits”) before COVID, there’s no denying that the number of telehealth physicians and specialists has increased substantially since the onset of the pandemic. With this in mind, you would benefit from learning how to use remote technologies in the medical arena. Doing so will ensure it doesn’t feel as foreign to you if you’re ever asked or required to see patients remotely. It could also make you a more attractive candidate if you apply to a position and are already familiar with telehealth technologies.
Cons: You may not be able to learn every platform available for telehealth, and each provider chooses which secure platform they prefer. Knowing one will likely help the learning curve for future technologies.
Who should consider it: Those unfamiliar with remote learning or work options. If you choose to take an online course, you may consider taking something that will further your knowledge of the medical field, such as a course in medical terminology.
Who should not consider it: Individuals with remote work or learning experience don’t need this skill.
Personal development
Pros: Focusing on improving oneself is a noble goal, and we should always strive to improve ourselves. As a future medical school student, you could focus on attaining leadership and communication skills. Consider attending motivational workshops or even speaking at one.
Cons: While it isn’t exactly a “con,” focusing on personal development can lead to defeat when you realize you’ll never be perfect. Combat this by keeping a realistic mindset with what you expect to learn and areas for improvement.
Who should consider it: Students with limited leadership skills or those who struggle with communication.
Who should not consider it: Students with plenty of leadership or communication experience noted on their application.
Miscellaneous experiences (e.g., growing your nonprofit organization, working as a medical sales rep, joining a startup)
Pros: It’s nice to pursue something simply because it brings you fulfillment, meets your goals, helps you make a bigger impact, or broadens your horizons. In addition, miscellaneous experiences can add a unique richness to your application materials (e.g., personal statement, Work and Activities section, secondary essays, and interviews).
Cons: As with professional medical experiences, it’s hard to pinpoint cons as long as your GPA and MCAT scores are competitive enough for your target medical schools. This is another option where the only real downside is that the work can be taxing, but how much so depends on what kind of experience you choose to pursue.
Who should consider it: Students who have the requisite stats and extracurricular experiences to get into great medical schools but who want to explore a new area or complete an existing project.
Who should not consider it: Students who have outstanding red flags that they need to address.
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Final thoughts
It may or may not be necessary for you to take a gap year before applying to medical school. In making your decision, consider any missing pieces or red flags on your application and how you can use your gap year to address them.
It’s also critical to note that there are no “magic bullet” gap year experiences. In other words, you should first honestly assess how you need to bolster your application before asking, “What should I do during my gap year?” A great gap year decision for one student may be a really poor choice for you.
Regardless of whether the opportunities you’re presented with were specifically covered in this guide, we hope you now have a framework for appropriately evaluating them. By using your gap year wisely, you can significantly increase your admissions odds during the following application cycle.
About the Author
Dr. Shirag Shemmassian is the Founder of Shemmassian Academic Consulting and one of the world's foremost experts on medical school admissions. Over the past 15 years, he and his team have helped thousands of students get into medical school using his exclusive approach.
